Fetal heart rate is controlled by the rhythmicity of the fetal heart, the central nervous system, and the autonomic nervous system.
FHR is increased in sympathetic response and decreased by para sympathetic response.
Usually there is a balanced increase of sympathetic and para sympathetic response occured during contraction with no observable change in baseline.
Baseline HR is reassuring at 110-160 bpm, non-reassuring at 100-109 and 161-180. It becomes abnormal when the rate is less than 100 bpm, greater than 180 bpm and sinusoidal pattern >=10 minutes.
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